Which type of research focuses primarily on understanding participants' experiences?

The correct choice emphasizes qualitative methods, which are specifically designed to delve deeply into understanding individual participants’ experiences, perspectives, and feelings. This approach often involves collecting non-numerical data, such as interviews, focus groups, and open-ended survey responses, enabling researchers to gain insight into how individuals interpret their experiences and the meanings they ascribe to them.

Qualitative research is characterized by its emphasis on context and detail, allowing the richness of participants' narratives to emerge. This depth of understanding is particularly valuable in social sciences, psychology, and health-related research, where personal experiences can significantly influence behaviors and outcomes.

In contrast, other types of research mentioned, such as quantitative research, primarily focus on numerical data and statistical analysis, seeking to measure and quantify variables, rather than explore subjective experiences. Meta-analysis and systematic reviews are more concerned with synthesizing existing research findings rather than exploring individual experiences directly, and therefore do not align with the focus of the question.