What should Dr. Cheng do if some ethnic groups represent less than five percent of the total population of cardiac surgeons?

Including more surgeons from ethnic groups that represent less than five percent of the total population of cardiac surgeons is important for ensuring that the study captures a diverse range of perspectives and experiences. This approach is known as oversampling and is often employed in research to enhance the representation of underrepresented groups. When these groups are underrepresented in a study, it is vital to include more participants from these populations to ensure that their unique health disparities, needs, and experiences are adequately addressed.

This practice helps to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the issues being studied, which is particularly important in health research where cultural and ethnic factors can significantly influence treatment and outcomes. By deliberately including more participants from these underrepresented ethnic groups, Dr. Cheng can enhance the validity of the study and ensure that the findings are generalizable to a more diverse population. This focus on inclusive representation improves the overall rigor of the research and helps to avoid biases that may arise from a homogeneous participant pool.

Considering the other options, excluding those ethnic groups entirely would vanish valuable data points, while striving for equal representation of all ethnicities without oversampling could lead to underrepresentation. Limiting the research to the most populous groups would ignore the unique contributions and health issues of smaller ethnic groups, thus skewing the