What role do Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) play in research ethics?

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) play a critical role in ensuring that research conducted with human subjects meets ethical standards. Their primary function is to review research proposals to assess whether they comply with ethical guidelines designed to protect the rights and welfare of participants. This includes evaluating the risks versus benefits of the research, ensuring informed consent processes are in place, and implementing measures to protect participant confidentiality.

By thoroughly reviewing research protocols, IRBs help safeguard participants from potential harm, ensuring that studies adhere to established ethical principles such as respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. This oversight is essential in fostering trust in the research process and ensuring that the rights of individuals involved in research are upheld. Thus, the correct answer captures the essence of the IRB's purpose in promoting ethical research practices.