What is the optimal sample size in qualitative research?

In qualitative research, the concept of saturation is paramount when determining the optimal sample size. Saturation refers to the point at which no new information or themes are emerging from the data collection process, meaning that additional participants are unlikely to provide further insights. Therefore, the focus in qualitative studies is less on reaching a predetermined number of participants and more on ensuring that researchers have collected enough data to fully understand the phenomenon being studied.

The sample size can vary widely depending on the complexity of the research topic, the diversity of the population, and the methodologies employed. By emphasizing the need for "as many as needed to reach saturation," this option highlights that qualitative research aims for depth over breadth; researchers may start with a small group but will continue to add participants as necessary until the insights being gained no longer evolve with additional data. This nuanced understanding of sample size allows for a richness of data that captures the complexity of human experiences, aligning with the overall goals of qualitative research.